2001年罗斯奖
伯爵E. 巴肯 联合创立了美敦力公司., one of the world's leading developers and manufacturers of therapeutic medical devices. 在美敦力公司, 他开发了第一款可穿戴设备, 外部, 电池供电的, 1957年晶体管起搏器. 现在退休了, 巴肯 heads the board of directors of the North Hawaii Community Hospital and its developing healing center.
威尔逊Greatbatch developed the implantable pacemaker in the late 1950s. After licensing his pacemaker to Medtronic, 公司., it gained quick clinical acceptance in the medical world. He continued to refine and improve his invention through the early 1970s. 自1985年以来, he has turned his attention to genetic engineering as the founder of Greatbatch Gen-Aid.
The pacemaker is an implantable medical device that is most often used for relieving the symptoms of bradycardia, a type of heart condition in which the heart beats at fewer than 60 beats per minute, a rate that may not fit the body's demands. The pacemaker restores the heartbeat to a normal rate by stimulating the heart muscle with precisely timed discharges of electricity.
In 1949, 巴肯是美敦力公司的联合创始人, one of the world's leading developers and manufacturers of therapeutic medical devices, as a partnership with the late Palmer J. Hermundslie. 巴肯 was Medtronic's chief executive officer and chairman of the board from the company's incorporation in 1957 until 1976. He was senior chairman of the board until his retirement as an officer of Medtronic in April 1989.
Born in 1924 in Minneapolis, 巴肯 served in the U.S. Air Force as a radar maintenance instructor until 1946 when he enrolled at the University of Minnesota. After earning a Bachelor of Science in Electrical 工程 in 1948, he studied electrical engineering with a minor in mathematics at the University of Minnesota Graduate School.
巴肯发明了第一款可穿戴设备, 外部, 电池供电的, 1957年晶体管起搏器 for C. Walton Lillehei, a University of Minnesota heart surgeon.
巴肯 shares the National Academy of 工程's 2001 Fritz J. 德洛丽丝·H. 与威尔逊Greatbatch一起获得Russ奖.
1919年生于纽约州布法罗.Y., Greatbatch attended Cornell University, earning his Bachelor of Science in Electrical 工程 in 1957. He earned his master's in electrical engineering from University of 水牛 in 1957.
Greatbatch's research efforts in biomedical engineering began after graduating from Cornell where he worked for a year at the Animal Behavior Farm. He developed instrumentation for recording cardiovascular and respiratory parameters on experimental animals for Pavlovian studies.
从1952年到1953年, Greatbatch served as an associate engineer with the Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, 水牛, N.Y. There he assisted in the development and flight testing of an airborne computer for calculating dynamic flight line parameters from Prandtl tube pressure inputs. He was responsible for the design and engineering of the laboratory's first transistorized device: a helicopter airspeed computer.
Greatbatch served the University of 水牛 as an assistant professor of electrical engineering from 1953 to 1957. He also associated himself with the University's Chronic Disease 研究 Institution investigating the analysis of high-frequency heart-sound components. In 1957, Greatbatch left the University of 水牛 to become a division manager at Taber Instrument Corporation, 在北托纳旺达, N.Y.
In the late 1950s, Greatbatch began developing the conceptual framework for an implantable pacemaker. 1958年初, 他走近威廉·查达克, then chief of surgery at the Veteran's Administration Hospital, 水牛. In his wood-heated barn workshop from 1958 to 1960, 大批量手工制造50个起搏器, 10 of which were implanted into humans. He used his own savings to build the devices. Wanting to dedicate all of his energies to the development of the pacemaker, he left Taber and founded 威尔逊Greatbatch, 公司., in 1960.
His pacemaker was licensed to Medtronic, 公司. and achieved quick clinical acceptance in the medical world. He continued to improve and refine the pacemaker's power source, 加上1970年到1972年, 有锂阳极的电池, 碘化物阴极, 固态的, 自愈晶体电解质.
In 1963, Mennen-Greatbatch Electronics, 公司., was formed and purchased the physical assets of 威尔逊Greatbatch, 公司. The patents were subsequently sold to Medtronic and the corporation dissolved. Greatbatch developed 威尔逊Greatbatch, 有限公司. in 1964, an international corporation established to sell medical electronic equipment in 东部 European countries. To provide genetic engineering assistance to medicine and agriculture, Greatbatch形成, in 1985, Greatbatch Gen-Aid, 有限公司. 自1985年以来, Greatbatch has turned his attention to genetic engineering, trying to block the replication of the HIV virus.